![]() Likewise, the greater the cart’s velocity, the greater the change in force during the collision. I believe this error resulted from measurement issues-we had a lot of trouble with equipment during the inelastic collisions. The graphs above show that the longer a collision, the greater the force. The percent differences between impulse and momentum during the second half of the lab were massive. This supports the impulse-momentum theorem that states that the change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it. According to the first half of the lab, there is a relatively constant relationship between impulse and momentum: they are equal. The equation relating to impulse and momentum is very similar: J=ΔP. The lab supports Newtons Second Law, which states the following: “The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.” The equation related to Newton’s Second Law of Motion is F=ma. Percent Difference Between Impulse and ΔP (%) Finally, Chloe calculated the percent differences between impulse and change in momentum by dividing the difference between the two values by the average of the two values. I also recorded the cart’s mass for each trial. I calculated change in momentum by multiplying change in velocity by mass. ![]() Next I recorded change in velocity and duration of the collision by subtracting the velocity and time at the beginning of the collision from the velocity and time values at the end of the collision. First I selected the collision intervals and evaluated them by pressing the integral button on Logger Pro that fills in the dip. Next it was time to evaluate the data we had collected. We performed the three runs again with the same varying amounts of weight (.25 kg. This set up made the cart stop completely when it collided with the bumper, allowing us to record data about inelastic collisions. We attached clay to the front of the cart and to the bumper. Below is a video of the procedure.įor the next part of the lab, we exchanged the spring bumper with a clay holder bumper. ![]() We sent the cart down the track three times-each time with a different weight attached (.25 kg. As this occurred, Logger Pro gathered data points on the two graphs. The cart collided with the bumper and was propelled backwards down the track. Next, Chloe launched the cart towards the force sensor/bumper. For the first part of the lab (elastic collisions) we attached the hoop spring bumper to the force sensor. The duration of the experiment was reduced to five seconds. We adjusted the data collection rate so that Logger Pro gathered 500 samples/second. time and the other displaying velocity vs. On our laptop we opened two Logger Pro graphs: one displaying force vs. The video below shows an airbag working properly followed by an airbag that fails to vent:Īfter gathering our materials, we set up the system we would use during the lab: a track lying level on a table, at one end a motion detector, and at the other a vernier bumper and a force sensor. The airbag would likely burst when hit by a body’s mass, and the body would continue forward through the windshield uninhibited and unprotected by the airbag. It would exert almost the same amount of force on the body as a solid surface. The airbag would not be nearly as effective. Would they be as effective in protecting a passenger in a collision? Suppose airbags were not vented to allow the gas inside to escape, but remained inflated (like a balloon). An airbag acts gradually, keeping the body relatively safe in comparison. A hard surface would simply crash against the body’s mass and bring it to a stop by applying a massive amount of force in a single second. Airbags allow a body in motion to stop gradually by absorbing the motion of the body’s mass. This is true whether or not an airbag is used, so why use an airbag? How does it reduce injuries?Īirbags reduce injury because they exert far less force on a person than would a dashboard or windshield. In a car collision, the drivers body must change speed from a high value to zero. Purpose: “To collect force, velocity, and time data as a cart experiences different types of collisions and to determine an expression for the change in momentum, delta p, in terms of the force and duration of a collision.”Ĭ(1): Following directions and instructionsī(3): Mathematical modeling of linear relationship
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